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Sains Malaysiana 53(12)(2024): 3389-3408
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5312-21
Aktiviti 210Pb dalam PM10 di Pesisir Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia
(210Pb Activity in PM10 on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia)
SITI
MUNIRAH JOHARI1, SHENGFA LIU2, XUEFA SHI2, CHE
ABD. RAHIM MOHAMED1 & MASNI MOHD ALI1,*
1Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 19
January 2024/Accepted: 17 October 2024
Abstrak
Radionuklid semula jadi 210Pb kerap digunakan sebagai penyurih untuk mengkaji proses atmosfera dan pengangkutan jarak jauh bahan pencemar dalam ruang udara. 210Pb yang melekat pada zarah PM10 telah melalui proses penggarutan yang dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai faktor sekitaran. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan antara aktiviti 210Pb
dan faktor meteorologi di pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Pensampelan PM10 telah dijalankan pada tahun 2007 oleh Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia di stesen meteorologi Kota Bharu, Kuantan dan Mersing. Sampel PM10 dihadam sepenuhnya dan aktiviti 210Pb dihitung menggunakan Spektrometri Pembilang Kasar Alfa Beta. Kota Bharu, Kuantan dan Mersing menunjukkan kepekatan PM10 maksimum pada Monsun Barat Daya dengan nilai 82.7 mg/m3,
47.9 mg/m3 dan 51.9 mg/m3, selari dengan bilangan titik panas di Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia. Julat aktiviti 210Pb pada tahun 2007 adalah 0.25 - 1.17 mBq/m3 (Kota Bharu), 0.13 - 0.86 mBq/m3 (Kuantan)
dan 0.15 - 0.84 mBq/m3 (Mersing). 210Pb merekodkan aktiviti maksimum semasa Monsun Barat Daya bagi Kuantan dan Mersing masing-masing dengan purata 0.64 ± 0.08 mBq/m3 dan 0.58 ± 0.08 mBq/m3. Manakala, Kota
Bharu merekodkan aktiviti 210Pb maksimum semasa Monsun Timur Laut dengan purata 0.70 mBq/m3. Analisis korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear menunjukkan korelasi yang negatif antara jumlah hujan harian (unit: mm) dan aktiviti 210Pb di pesisir pantai Semenanjung Malaysia. Selain itu, terdapat korelasi positif antara aktiviti 210Pb dengan suhu. Ini menunjukkan bahawa jumlah hujan harian dan suhu adalah faktor-faktor penting yang mempengaruhi aktiviti 210Pb dalam PM10 pesisir pantai.
Kata kunci: Asia tenggara; meteorologi; monsun; PM10; 210Pb
Abstract
Natural
radionuclide 210Pb is frequently used as an indicator in studying
atmospheric processes and the long-range transport of pollutants in the
atmosphere. 210Pb that is attached to PM10 particles has
undergone scavenging process that influenced by various environmental factors.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between 210Pb
activity and meteorological factors on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
PM10 sampling was conducted in 2007 by the Malaysia Meteorological
Department at Kota Bharu, Kuantan, and Mersing meteorological stations. PM10 samples were completely digested, and 210Pb
activity was quantified using Gross Alpha-Beta Spectrometry. Kota Bharu,
Kuantan, and Mersing exhibited maximum PM10 concentration during the Southwest Monsoon with 82.7 mg/m3, 47.9
mg/m3, and 51.9 mg/m3, respectively, parallel to the
number of hotspots recorded in Riau Islands, Indonesia. The range of 210Pb
activity in 2007 was 0.25 - 1.17 mBq/m3 (Kota Bharu), 0.13 - 0.86 mBq/m3 (Kuantan), and 0.15 - 0.84 mBq/m3 (Mersing). The 210Pb recorded maximum activity
during Southwest Monsoon in Kuantan and Mersing, with
an average of 0.64 mBq/m3 and 0.58 mBq/m3, respectively. Meanwhile, Kota Bharu
recorded maximum 210Pb activity during the Northeast Monsoon with
average of 0.70 mBq/m3. Pearson’s
correlation and linear regression analyses showed a negative correlation
between the amount of daily rainfall (unit: mm) and 210Pb activity
at the coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Additionally, there was a
positive correlation between 210Pb activity and temperature. This
shows that the amount of daily rainfall and temperature are important factors
that influence the activity of 210Pb in coastal PM10.
Keywords: Meteorology;
monsoon; PM10; Southeast Asia; 210Pb
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